All of the following contribute to resilience in children except?

• A. Exposed to toxic stress
• B. Supportive relationships with caregivers
• C. Stable routines at home and school
• D. Access to quality healthcare

Answer: (A)

Resilience in children is built from protective factors that help them cope with stress and grow despite adversity. Exposure to toxic stress is the one that does not support resilience; when a child’s stress response is activated chronically without adequate buffering, it can impair brain development, emotional regulation, and health, making resilience harder to achieve. In contrast, supportive relationships with caregivers provide a safe person to turn to, which helps regulate emotions and reduces the impact of stress. Stable routines at home and school give children predictability and security, lowering anxiety and supporting self-regulation and learning. Access to quality healthcare ensures timely medical care, preventive services, and management of health issues, reducing physical stress and promoting healthy development. Together, these protective factors foster resilience, while toxic stress undermines it.